‎Guided Essay Writer On The App Store

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Theoritical Approach Definition Banking Innovation Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

To start with , bank can be defined as an establishment authorized by the government for the safekeeping of money. In other words, it is an institution to receive deposits, make loans, act as an intermediary in financial transactions and provide other services to its customer. The bank have the duty of controlling liquidity , fixed exchange rate according to market forces and securing information about each customer. Innovation can be defined as a process by which a new invention is being introduced in the society. In order to be called innovation , an idea must be replicable at an economical cost and must satisfy a specific need, Banking innovation can be defined as the new developments and invention in the banking sector to benefit and facilitate the task of the society. According to Tornatzky and Fleischer (1990), innovation means the introduction of new technology in the environment which will eventually benefits the task of people. The banking sector is in progress as more and more new banking innovation is being introduced in the society making the routine tasks of the people more simple. Banks no longer restricted themselves to traditional banking activities but explore new avenues. Diederen (1990) showed that information technology is vital in the banking sector for the prospects and improvements in the financial transaction. Also customer service is an additional form of banking in novation being offered. As said by Hanson (2000) , customer service is present in order to help customers to facilitate their task regarding banking sector. In other words , it helps people to adapt themselves to the new banking innovation. 2.2 Banking Innovation : Benefits and Drawbacks Internet Banking Internet banking exists only on the internet. It allows customers to conduct financial transactions on a secure website operated by their bank. In other words , it make banking more convenient for customers as they can use their personal computer to access any information they have the rights to acquire. In addition, it is very advantageous for busy customers as they can gain access to their accounts from home or office. Internet banking facilitate tasks like payment of bills, account enquiries, exchange rate information, recharging mobile phone credit , fund transfer, loan application and application for new accounts. Also, with internet banking, it is more quickly and convenient as the task can be done more quickly rather than queuing at the bank. According to Booz (1997), the expense for using internet banks is about twenty per cent whereas on the other hand , expense for normal banks is about sixty per cent and hence expenditures on paper slips and forms decreases and this can help the profit margin of the bank to increase. In addition, Sathye (1999) added that internet banking is the most profitable tool for providing services to customers. Furst et al (2002) said that there are two types of internet banking which are firstly an established website where every customer gain access to their respective bank through the internet and secondly, the internet-only bank and this type of internet banking have no main branch and it rely only on computer server. However , internet banking may also have some disadvantages. An illiterate person may not be fully aware of how to use the internet banking rather in the normal bank , he can go to some employee of the bank to ask for solutions. Also forgery can be an important factor against internet banking. User name and password may be hack and in such case, people loses their money without knowing. There can also have technical breakdowns that is , banking websites go down. Phone Banking Phone banking is a service provided by the bank to enable customer who possess a phone and a bank account to carry various banking operations like checking their account balances, exchange rate information , transfer of funds between two accounts and many others. Also, there is no queuing at the bank as the services can be accessed anywhere using the phone. It is also more convenient for customers and reduces paperwork of the bank. According to Laukkanen (2007), mobile banking with good connection improve service quality as customers can perform financial transaction regardless of time and place. Hence this can brought forward a close relationship between the banks and the customers. According to the Federal Reserve Study (2012), 21% of people possessing a mobile are using the services of mobile banking. However, the procedure using the phone banking might be long. The data transmission is not fast when comparing with internet banking. Also there may not have enough security when u sing phone banking while comparing with other banking innovation. Automated Teller Machine ( ATM ) Card It is an electronic banking outlet which allows customers to perform certain banking transactions without the aid of a branch representatives. ATM card is also known as bank card , client card , key card or cash card. Mc Nally and Abernathy (1989) quoted only one advantage : the cost of each transaction is lower when the ATM is used as opposed to a live teller. After the installation of the ATM machines , services to customers like withdrawing of funds , balance enquiries and transferring of funds from current account to savings account are allowed outside the bank. In addition , money can be withdrawn at any time of the day or night. It also reduce workload of banks staff , provide services with no error and prove to be beneficial for travellers as there is no need to carry large amount of money. However there are few pitfalls of ATM as fraudulent card readers called skimmers can be placed over authentic reader in order to capture numbers and codes to thieves. Also, thieves norma lly are aware that people leaving the ATM destination must be having withdrawn money and hence the customers are attacked. In addition , a bank fees is charged when removing money from the ATM. Also illiterate person would not be comfortable with is new technology. Gilly and Zeithaml (1985) said that senior citizens would less likely be adapted with ATM and they would prefer to go to the bank itself. Credit Cards Credit cards have been a part of daily transaction since the 19th century. Franklin National Bank issued the first bank credit card in 1952. It is a payment card issued to customers for payment. It can be used instead of cash for purchasing. There is sometimes great competition in the credit card industry and hence some banks often offer gift vouchers in order to attract customers. According to White (1975) , credit cards enable the purchase of goods and services without the need to have the money present at the time of purchasing. Usually a credit limit is available which the customer can do their purchases and payment be done at a later date. At the end of each month, the cardholder receive a statement indicating his amount owed. Brito and Hartley (1995) said that credit card can serve customer a means of precautionary money available to them. Even large purchases can be cover depending on the credit limit. Credit cards avoid fraud, that is only the exact amount will be paid from the card. At the point of sale , there is a system known as electronic verification which verify whether the card is valid or not and checking whether the customer has sufficient credit to meet the purchases. It is also advantageous for the merchants as credit card is a more secure way of receiving payment than liquid cash as this would discourage theft. It is also more convenient when travelling than carrying cash and can meet unexpected emergencies like car repairs or health needs. As said by Feinberg (1986), credit cards encourages spending and hence decreasing the ability of consumers to save for future needs. In other words it reduces the buying power as the credit used must be repaid. It encourages debt and bankruptcy if not used wisely. Also further interest charges are added if the amount owed is not paid fully. Debit Cards It is a plastic card that enable cardholder to perform financial transactions or withdraw money through the Automatic Teller Machine. The first debit card was introduced in UK in the year 1987.With the use of a debit card , purchases can be made hence decreasing the need of carrying money everywhere and an interest is earn on the deposit that is available on the debit card. Also online products can be purchased with the use of the debit card. As said by king and king (2005) , the usage of debit cards increases because consumers are worried about the credit that should be repaid later after making purchases when using credit cards. Unlike credit cards , debit cards allows customer to stay within the budget as only the money available in the account can be spend. Debit cards are accepted more easily by merchants rather than personal cheque. However, there are some drawbacks associated with debit cards. If the card is lost , you can lose all money available in the account as pin code can be easily found with the new technologies. Doing purchases online is not always advantageous as it encourages online scam threat , that is , the card can be used to make unauthorized transactions by hackers. Also , debit card is not acceptable everywhere to make purchases , like small shops or markets, hence in such places liquid cash is a better option. Smart Cards Smart card was invented in 1973 by a Frenchman named Roland Marino. Smart card known as the electronic wallet looks the same as a credit card in size and shape. As said by Fancher (1997), smart cards contains a single chip micro controller embedded in the plastic, hence large amounts of data can be stored in it. The level of security when using a smart card is quite high as data can only be accessible only if the Personal Identification Number (PIN) is typed. Like credit cards, smart card can also store financial information. Moreover, it can store business information , telephone numbers and personal information given its high level of data storage. However , data stored on a smart card cannot be altered. Once stored , it is forever. Also , smart card is more exprensive than other ordinary card readers. Electronic money Electronic money . also known as digital money , electronic cash , electronic currency , cyber currency or e-money can be defined as money which is exchanged electronically. The use of computer network, internet and digital stored value systems is essential for using the electronic money. There are two types of electronic money that exists which are identified e-money and anonymous e-money. Identified e-money contains information about the person who withdrew the money. On the other hand , anonymous e-money looks like real paper cash and once money is withdrawn from an account , no identification of the person can be made. There also exists two types of approaches of electronic money , that is online e-money and offline e-money. Online e-money can be defined as the interaction with a bank to conduct a transaction with another person. The use of credit cards at the point of sale can be a good example as the banks computer would indicate whether the card is valid or not on the spot . However the bank has to maintain a detailed and up-to-date database. On the other hand , offline e-money is when a transaction is done without involving a bank directly. However if a double spender is found , the prevention may not be immediate. An example of offline e-money would be smart card. IMPACT OF BANKING INNOVATION According to Joseph and Stone (2003) , the new banking innovation in recent years like automated teller machines and internet banking services has increased customers confidence and market share. The more banking innovation being introduced in a country can lead to a more perfect economic development. Levine (1997) identified five characteristics which shows its contribution to economic development. These are savings mobilization, controlling of risks, proper allocation of resources, corporate control and enable the trading of goods and services. Also , with banking innovation , the bank branches would be less crowded with people as computer literate people would prefer doing the transaction through the internet. Also, the fact that most of the transactions are computerized hence there will be less paper work. Also, in case of emergency , money can be withdrawn from the ATM regardless of time. However banking innovation may not prove to be beneficial for all people. Many people may lose their jobs at the bank branches because many financial transaction are being processed through the internet. Also, illiterate people may not fully adapt themselves to these form of innovation. They would not benefit the same as literate person as they must go to the branches itself to perform the transaction though it could have been done at home itself. Also , they might be getting a lot of difficulty to use ATM machine as the steps and instructions to follow are normally written in English. Moreover inventing and doing research on new tools in the banking sector like credit cards , debit cards, the automated teller machine and smart cards cost a lot of money. EMPIRICAL APPROACH Theories of Banking Innovation and Literature Review According to Dannenberg and keller (1998) , retail banking is severely affected with the use of internet banking as normally retails banks process financial transactions directly with the customers. Hence internet banking would not allow close relationship between the bank and customer. However, Dannenberg and keller (1998) also found a possibility to let both the customers and the bank to communicate person-to-person that is , by using video conferencing. Sujit Chakravorti (2003) has studied that credit cards provide only benefits to merchants and consumers and also proved that it is better than other payment cards while comparing the number of transactions being processed over the last 20 years. The latter also conducted a discussion about credit card network about how to tackle the challenges. Moreover, in 2006 ,a model was constructed by Sujit Chakravorti to study consumers , card issuer and merchants. According to this model , three interesting results were found. Firstly , if cost of funds of the issuer is low and the profit margin earned by the merchant is high then the issuer grant credit cards to selected consumers to increase sales of merchants. Secondly , the ability of issuer to charge high discount fees depends upon the number of customers using credit cards. Thirdly , every merchants profit decreases in the next period when they all started to accept credit cards , hence an intertemporal effect is arised. Hayashi and Klee (2003) examined the use of debit cards by consumers. The latter used the data from the year 2001 in order to get a survey about how much uses the internet and hence found that the literate persons using technology are more adapted the new form of payment that is , the use of debit cards. However whether to use debit card or not depends upon the type of purchase being made. He also pointed out that personal preferences and transaction-specific factors are important. According to the study of Adams and Thieben (1991) o f training people over fifty years old to use Automated Teller Machine , they found that the type of training provided is not sufficient for the usage of the ATM. Hence , the fact that banks provide little training opportunities , people must learn on their own about how to use the ATM. Hatta and Liyama (1991) also studied that people can use ATM successfully without any instructions. They found that the first try for deposits was 69% , 53% for the transferring of funds between two accounts and 58% for the withdrawing of funds. They also believe that practice makes perfect. However , both studies shows that there is a need train people to use the ATM. Hatta and Liyama ( 1991) suggest that the design of the ATM should be taken into consideration in order to facilitate the people trying to use ATM for the first time. According to the study of Suoranta (2003) , she found that people using phone banking are normally between the age groups 25 to 34 years old and must be literate. She also found that some people prefer mobile banking rather than internet banking services. Hence the users of internet banking and phone banking would differ. Suoranta (2003) also said that it is vital for the service provider to be aware of the differences between users of internet banking and phone banking so that they can correctly make better allocation of resources and marketing strategies to be brought forward. The aim of this research done by Suoranta (2003) was simply to know how users of phone banking differ from that of internet banking. A study was carried forward by Lunt (1992) in order to examine the factors that increase the card usage in USA when consumers have many credit cards. He found that consumers uses one credit card rather than the other because of advantages like low interest rates and also the amount of credit limit being offered. Lunt ( 1992) also noted that the number of people using credit cards in USA is constantly increasing because of the high credit limits being offered to them. He also said that US credit cards banks uses techniques like giving bonus on cash at bank and no annual fee to be paid in order to encourage card holder. Another similar study was carried by Kaynak and Harcar ( 2001) to examine consumer behavior towards the ownership of credit card in Turkey and found that the structure of the card , the choice and attitudes of the cardholders that matters for the type of credit cards to be used. Boeschoten (1992) studied the impact of payment cards on cash demand in Netherlands. On the data collected in 1990 from household surveys , he examined how the automated teller machine , credit cards and debit cards cause an impact of the cash demand in Netherlands. Boeschoten (1992) said that the coefficient of a dummy variable when measuring the usage of ATM is not large for the amount of cash in the purse and the same case is for debit cards, that is , it does not affect purse cash demand. However when focusing on the ove rall cash demand rather than purse cash demand , then he found out that the constant use of debit card and ATM decreases the cash in hand by 15% and 18% respectively. According to Duca and Whitesell (1995), the cardholder normally do not check their money balances frequently. Duca and Whitesell (1995) conducted a study and showed that if the percentage of people holding a card is 10% hence 9% of cardholders would not bother about checking their bank balances regularly. He also highlighted that a variable and a sample is important when studying with these data.

Biography Of James Joseph Bulger Jr. - 1708 Words

James â€Å"Whitey† Bulger I think we would all agree sixteen years is quite a long time. What if I were to tell you someone had been on the run from the law enforcement for that long before being caught? The name is James Joseph Bulger Jr. also known as Whitey Bulger. Whitey was one of the most notorious mob bosses in American history for his criminal reign in South Boston, Massachusetts. Whitey was a very violent criminal that had a rap sheet a mile long that included: murder, extortion, racketeering, and the list goes on. I am here to talk with you about the story of Whitey in his early years, his criminal reign in South Boston, and his life on the run from law enforcement for over a decade. On September 3, 1929, Whitey was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts. Whitey was one of six children born in a Roman Catholic family. He got his nickname for his whitish-blonde colored hair. Whitey grew up in the project of South Boston where he would find his criminal ways. Whiteyâ€℠¢s first crime came just at the early age of 14 years old for stealing. However, Whitey would not learn from his mistake and his criminal record would continue to get worse from there. Whitey was arrested multiple times as a juvenile for things such as theft, fraud, assault and robbery. He would end up serving five years in a juvenile detention school for his delinquent acts. Once released from detention at the age of eighteen years old, Whitey would join the air force where his trouble still seemed to followShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesState University Jane Crabtree, Benedictine University Suzanne Crampton, Grand Valley State University Douglas Crawford, Wilson College Michael Cruz, San Jose State University Robert Cyr, Northwestern University Evelyn Dadzie, Clark Atlanta University Joseph Daly, Appalachian State University Denise Daniels, Seattle Pacific Uni versity Marie Dasborough, Oklahoma State University Nancy Da Silva, San Jose State University Christine Day, Eastern Michigan University Emmeline de Pillis, University of Hawaii

Toxicity of Compound in the Zebrafish Bioassay Lab Report - 1

Essays on Toxicity of Compound in the Zebrafish Bioassay Lab Report The paper "Toxicity of Compound in the Zebrafish Bioassay" is a good example of a lab report on chemistry. For Dr. Pack, our UPenn gastroenterologist collaborator, to test the toxicity of compound 2 in the zebrafish bioassay, we provided Dr. Porter with the compound. At the end of the chemical reaction session, a certain research grouped challenged that they were in a position to isoflavone using AlCl3in dioxane. In this case, the group did not state any conditions for this reaction to take place. As such, I decided to optimize the reaction conditions starting with the model compound Chromanone. In this case, I mixed chromanone and AlCl3 in dioxane and then refluxed the content for 3 hours. Unfortunately, I did not obtain positive results and hence I was prompted to repeat the procedure. In this attempt, I decreased dioxane’s volume from 50 ml to 20 ml, used 10% of AlCl3, and I prolonged the reaction time from 3 hours to 12 hours. During the reaction, I monitored the proceeding using TLC. However, I did not obtain the intended products after several tests. In the third attempt, I changed most of the conditions and measured used in the first two trials. In this case, I used 0.500 gm of chromanone in 20 ml dioxane and 0.40 mg of AlCl3 which represents 10% of the starting material. I also reduced the frequency of monitoring to 2 hours. After the first two hours, the starting materials had completely disappeared. This indicated that I had optimized the TLC condition, by using different ratios of ethyl acetate and hexane. Then, I ran prep-TLC and I realized 4 different compounds. I then separated these 4 new products and conducted tests by NMR. However, the 4 compounds did not match the expected NMR spectrum of the desired product.My failure in these experiments prompted me to carry out research in journals and other materials. In this case, I came across some work discussing ring opining reaction on isoflavanones. The source has indicated all the conditions and the details about the experiment. However, the source suggests that I should use LiAlH4 which is a hazardous chemical. We had training with Dr. West on pyrophoric materials and now we are fully prepared to do the reaction.

Of Mice and Men Loneliness Sample Essay Example For Students

Of Mice and Men Loneliness Sample Essay Loneliness is a cardinal subject in Of Mice and Men written by John Steinbeck for many characters in the novel were isolated and secluded. Curley’s married woman had a dream of doing it in the films but after get marrieding Curley she was stuck on the spread and non allowed to speak to anybody. The stable-buck Crooks was discriminated against for he was black and this caused some terrible jobs because he was isolated from everyone. Guies who travel around looking for work on spreads are the loneliest cats in the universe for they have no lasting place and nil to look frontward to. After get marrieding Curley. Curley’s married woman was stuck on the spread all by herself. She was isolated from everyone because she was the lone female on the spread and had no friends. Curley wanted to maintain her all for himself because he did non swear her to remain loyal. Merely two hebdomads into her matrimony with Curley. Curley’s married woman was get downing to gain that she was stuck at that place entirely with cipher to speak to. It is apparent when she said â€Å"you can speak to people. but I can’t talk to cipher but Curley† that all she wanted was person else to speak to. Crooks was a black stable-buck who was looked down upon and treated like soil because of the coloring material of his tegument. The manner he was treated was shown when we are told that ‘the foreman gives him hell when he’s mad’ this shows how he is treated lesser than everyone else because the foreman gives him snake pit and cipher else. Because he was separated and secluded from everyone around him he realised that â€Å"a cat goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody† because he was so entirely because no 1 wanted to be near him. He was over being so lonely and when he says â€Å"a cat gets excessively alone an’ he gets sick† we realise that he is over being so lonely and can non take it any longer. In the clip that this book was written black people were treated like nil and this left them experiencing lonely and unwanted. merely like the ranchmen of that clip. Work force who carried their properties from spread to ranch looking for work neer have a stable place and are ever on the move go forthing them lonely and hankering for a better life. George says â€Å"we don’t belong to no place† stating us that ranchmen are ever on the move and that they don’t have a topographic point that they can merely travel back that they can name place. When George says â€Å"guys like us that work on spreads are the loneliest cats in the world† this gives us an penetration into how these ranchmen feel and how they see themselves being the loneliest cats in the universe

Rugby And Football Essays - Ball Games, Football Codes, Team Sports

Rugby And Football Rugby and Football The thick, broad-shouldered athlete breathes heavily and grunts with each step as he and his teammates push mightily against the opposition. His arms are locked over his teammates' shoulders, all of their heads down. The two teams are pushing against each other like two moose fighting over territory. He looks down to see the ball, sitting just in front of his feet. If he could just hook it with his foot and heave it to his teammate behind him... This is what every player in a scrum is thinking while they fight each other for possession. Rugby is the true sport of men, because you wear no pads, and it is even more violent than football; however, football requires that you wear pads, thus being the true sport of want-to-be men. The rules of these similar yet vastly different games are extremely complex, so only the basics are necessary to distinguish the better sport. In football, the primary rule is that you must advance the ball forward by throwing it or running with it. Once a player with the ball is downed, the entire team lines up again, and the ball is snapped to the quarterback. The short pause in-between each down may not seem significant, but it definitely takes its toll on the excitement. In rugby, however, the primary rule is that you can only advance the ball by running with, kicking, or passing it. With passing, though, you can only pass the ball backwards or directly to your side, never forward. Like football, you score by running the ball into the endzone or by kicking it through the uprights. Also, you must touch the ball to the ground for it to count, and it is worth five points. When kicking, the ball can be kicked from anywhere spontaneously. If it passes through the uprights, it is worth three points, as in football. The equipment for the two sports is widely different, with football requiring much more. In football, players must wear a large set of pads, covering most of their body, and a masked helmet. The ball is made up of an inflated rubber bladder, surrounded by stitched leather, and it appears ellipsoidal in shape. Most players now wear cleated or spiked shoes, but flat-soles are often worn for artificial turf surfaces. But rugby, being the true sport of men, uses no pads of helmets. In fact the only equipment that are somewhat similar in both games can be found from the ankles down. Players wear a jersey, usually long-sleeved, athletic shorts, and cleated shoes. The ball has an oval shape to it, and is blunter than a football so that it may easily be bounced and dropkicked. The origins of football trace back to ancient Greece when they played a form of football know as harpaston, and the Romans played a similar game, harpastum. In medieval times, another form of football, calcio, flourished in Italy. Most modern versions of football however, originated in England, where a form of the game was known in the 12th century. Rugby is said to have originated when a boy at Rugby School in Rugby, England picked up and carried the ball during a game of football in 1823. Previously, the rules had only allowed the ball to be kicked. As I said before, rugby is the true sport of men. It is the supreme test of strength, endurance, determination, and agility. Whereas in football, the players are so cocky and greedy about how much money they will make during this game, that most of them do not even work their hardest to win, as long as they make a living.

Five Pillars of Islam Essays

Five Pillars of Islam Essays Five Pillars of Islam Essay Five Pillars of Islam Essay Checkpoint: The Five Pillars of Islam What are the central beliefs of Islam, and how are they reflected in the Five Pillars† (McInerney, 2003)? Which of the Five Pillars do you feel would be easiest to fulfill, and which would be the most challenging (McInerney, 2003)? A central belief of Islam is monotheism. This is a belief of only one God, Allah. The believer’s purpose is to serve Allah and live a moral life by following the Five Pillars. Muslims are obligated to follow these Five Pillars in the Qur’an, the holy book to all Muslims. The Five Pillars are faith, prayer, Zakat, the fast, and hajj. All of these Pillars show devotion to Allah. The first of the pillar of Islam is faith or Shahadah. The believer must profess God is the only god and Muhammad is His messenger. Muhammad is not a god but a messenger of God for guidance. The Qur’an requires believers tell others of Islam in order for them to make an intelligent choice. The second pillar is prayer. The believer recites a series of prayers and passages from the Qur’an while kneeling and bowing five times a day while facing Mecca. : When the prayers are recited by a congregation, all stands and bow shoulder to shoulder, without any class distinction. During the prayer, the kneeling and bowing shows submission to Allah. Repeating the prayers is believed to strengthen one’s belief in God’s existence and carry this belief deep into one’s heart and all aspect of external life. Prayer is also used to purify ones heart, develop the mind and conscience, stop evil in a person, and awakening higher aspiration and morality (Fisher, 2005). Zakat, spiritual tithing is the third pillar. At the end of the year the believer donates two and half percent of all their income to the less fortunate. This is done for purification and growth. The belief is to help decrease the inequalities in wealth and prevention of personal greed. Charity is a necessity for Muslims. The fourth pillar is fasting. Although frequent fast are recommended the only fast required is during Ramadan. This is to honor the first revelation of the Qur’an to Muhammad. The believer must abstain from sexual relations, drink, food, and smoking from dusk to dawn during the entire month of Ramadan. Muslim’s lunar calendar is 354 days so Ramadan moves through all seasons. Muslims believe fasting purges the body of impurities and provides clarity and a light body to move and act. It teaches one not to allow anything to enter the mind and heart to distract one away from God. Fasting help controls one body’s desire while mastering the lower emotions of jealousy and anger. The pilgrimage to Mecca, hajj, is the fifth pillar. All Muslims who can financially afford this trip is expected make the trip at least once in their lifetime. The series of symbolic rituals are designed for the believer to experiences a closeness with God like never before. The males dress in special garments not sewn, all looking alike. No distinction is detected. Circling of Ka’ba seven times symbolizes the continual rotation around the One by the angels of all of creation, to the seventh heaven. The pilgrim’s heart should be filled with the remembrance of Allah. The pilgrim visits the sacred field of Arafat. This site is believed to be where Adam and Eve were taught that humans were created exclusively for worshipping God (Fisher, 2005. ) Here prayer is from noon to sunset for the forgiveness of anything that has separated them from God. The central belief of Islam is, monotheism, prayer, tithing, charity, fasting, and visiting Mecca, echoed in the Five Pillars of Islam. Although I am not of the Islam faith, the easiest pillar to follow is Zakat. Charity and tithing is a part of my life. I believe in it with all of my heart. It helps me to stay grounded, not put a high level of importance on materialistic objects, and level headed. I also believe God would approve. God does not want His children to be greedy. God want us to help others. I do believe in one God. However, I don’t believe Muhammad should have all the emphasis shown, a self proclaim messenger. I believe in only one God. Therefore I believe the first pillar would be the hardest. Fisher, M. P. (2005). Living Religions (6th ed. ). Pearson Education: Prentice Hall

The Relationship Between Phenomenal Consciousness And Access Essay - 1

The Relationship Between Phenomenal Consciousness And Access Consciousness - Essay Example An important characteristic of the phenomenon consciousness that warrant noting is that differences in intentional content usually distinguish P- consciousness and makes it to stand out among other related phenomenon. A further attribute is that phenomenon conscious differences often lead to intentional differences (Jackndoff, 1987; Flanagan, 1992). On the other hand (Nagel, 1974), depicts access consciousness differently. According to Ned Block, access consciousness is achieved if it is perched for direct rational controls of thoughts and actions. It is specifically involved in data or information processing, computing, and control of behavior or conduct. Access consciousness is a cluster concept where the ability to do reports is the idea of the cluster which has the smaller weight even though it is often considered the best practical directive to access consciousness. A very important concept that Ned portrays (p, 208), is that phenomenon and access consciousness have been a ground of criticism for the functionalism and behaviorism (Block and Fodor, 1972), however no distinct need for an information generation motive of consciousness to be discussed considering several viewpoints that exist. ii. At particular instances, phenomenon conscious type of state may exists but not links or connections with the access conscious at that same time. This hence brings out the sense that the exemplar phenomenon conscious situations are quite sensational while that of access conscious are propositional attitudes. iii. Access conscious illustrations are representational while phenomenon consciousnesses are phenomenal or exceptional. Access consciousness does not make the needed intellectual demands as one may think but of self-consciousness, and for the identified phenomenal consciousness. The word consciousness presages a wide variety of perceptions and stands for

Logics - Analysis of an Article by Peter Kreeft Essay

Logics - Analysis of an Article by Peter Kreeft - Essay Example Apart from many articles, he has written many books such as The Snakebite Letters, The Philosophy of Jesus, The Journey: A Spiritual Roadmap for Modern Pilgrims, Prayer: The Great Conversation: Straight Answers to Tough Questions About Prayer etc. The major idea behind this article â€Å"The Apple Argument Against Abortion† is to educate people about the consequences of performing abortion. Peter Kreeft argues against abortion in a philosophical manner throughout this article. He is making in depth analysis of the abortion issue with the help of answering certain questions like Who human are, what are the rights of human, why abortion is wrong etc and topics such as basis of morality, differences between the rights of all people and the rights of some people, arguments from skepticism etc. He also tries to analyze different cases with respect to abortion by taking different combinations such as; The fetus is a person, and we know that The fetus is a person, but we don't know t hat The fetus isn't a person, but we don't know that The fetus isn't a person, and we know that (Kreeft, 2000) Approach This article is mainly analytical in nature. The author tries to avoid the use of any instinctive methods in this article. He has analyzed abortion from various angles. Different dimensions of abortion were beautifully explained in this article. For example, the author took the example of an apple and the understanding of ordinary people about it, to attract the attention of the readers towards the topic. Since the author is a philosopher, a philosophical approach can be visible throughout this article. He explains various dimensions of abortion with the help of comparisons, analogies etc. It is difficult for ordinary people to understand the problems associated with abortion, especially the moral issues. The author tries to explain all those issues in a simple, but comprehensive manner so that anybody who decide to perform abortion may think twice or thrice before doing so, after reading this article. In short, the author succeeded in persuading the readers of this article to argue against abortion. Different kinds of reasoning in the article Inductive, deductive, causal and analogical reasoning techniques were used throughout this article. The following paragraph is an example of an inductive argument present in this article. I have heard it argued that we do not treat any other species in the traditional way — that is, we do not assign equal rights to all mice. Some we kill (those that get into our houses and prove to be pests); others we take good care of and preserve (those that we find useful in laboratory experiments or those we adopt as pets); still others we simply ignore (mice in the wild). The argument concludes that therefore, it is only sentiment or tradition (the two are often confused, as if nothing rational could be passed down by tradition) that assigns rights to all members of our own species (Kreeft, 2000). The above argument is an example of inductive reasoning. It is not necessary that the argument needs to be 100% right to make it as an example of inductive reasoning. It should be noted that cultures like Buddhism or Jainism treats any type of killing - killing of animal or killing of human - as a sin. But cultures like Islam or Christianity do not treat killing of animals as a sin. In short, the above argument may not be conclusive or correct everywhere, but it helps the author to strengthen his arguments

Méliès’s Trip to the Moon Essay Example for Free

Mà ©lià ¨s’s Trip to the Moon Essay The film opens with a gathering of academics in a lecture hall. They have robes, beards and pointed hats. They are standing at first in ranks in the room, five more men join them and are given telescopes by female servants. The leader enters and assumes a position at a blackboard on the left where he draws an image of the Earth and the Moon and a bullet-shaped craft landing on the Moon. They all being discussing or arguing about the project. The technique used for acting is based on what one might see acted out in the theater with no modern cinematography such as close-ups or zooms are used to focus the attention on a particular character. All the characters appear onstage and if there is any focus on a certain action is done through theatrical technique such as the females marching out and handing out telescopes and leaving. When the main character, seeming like a professor comes in the group sort of comes to attention and stand still at first while the professor speaks and draws on the board. One’s attention’s shifts to the group again as they discuss and argue with over-large gesticulations in this silent film without written inter-titles. It is a silent stage drama recorded on film, else it would be mime theatre. The film’s scene changes almost like a shift of scene in the theatre. There is a very fake-looking space capsule that is being worked on and some of the astronauts try out the interior. There is a moment when someone falls into a shallow barrel. Possibly, this was meant to be a comic touch which would be at home later in vaudeville. There is no camera movement. It is as if one had a good seat at the theatre and watching a series of tableaux vivantes. The film owes much more to the stage and picture books than to any already-developed film technique. The subsequent boarding of the space-bullet on the left with the cannon on the right looks especially fake and hand-drawn. There is little aim at a believable set and much over-acting: doffing their hats and so on to an imaginary group of spectators, actually us who are watching the living theater more than a film by today’s standards. After the firing of the cannon, there occurs the use of something like special effects where the Man in the Moon, framed by clouds comes closer to the viewer and has human like expressions which show the space vehicle hitting him in the eye. It is a real human looking like he has whipped cream on his face.

Big Brook :: Personal Narrative Fishing Essays

Big Brook â€Å"When you leave this place, you will always remember the nights fishin’ up on Big Brook,† my father once told me. And to this day I have never forgotten my experiences up on that little tributary of the Namakagon River in northern Wisconsin. My father always dreams of the old days when he would go out with a creel over his shoulder and catch a meal of fish. Work takes too much of his time now, but I remember the times we would go up to Big Brook after work and spend the last hours before the sun set fishing our favorite holes in hopes for a big trout to bite. I remember this now, many years later, but my memories are still perfectly clear. We would get home from work, dad would say, â€Å"Alright, I am goin’ up to Big Brook, if ya wanna come with, I am leavin’ in five.† This was our cue, my brothers and I would drop everything we were doing, grab our rods, and head out to the garden to pick a handful of worms. The garden was always the best spot for the worms; they seemed to love the dark rich soil and always grew the biggest. Even though we dug them every week, there would always seem to be more the next time we went out. When we arrived at the meandering stream, Dad would say, â€Å"Alright, I get the first 100 yards downstream, everything else is open season for you all to fight about.† My brothers would usually get the section just upstream, cause they were bigger, and I didn’t have much say in the matter. So there we were, all the guys in the family on the river, my father heading to his favorite spot, my brothers marching upstream together, and I left to make my way downstream, through the blackberry brush to the beaver pond. When I left the river to walk downstream all the difficulties from the day were left behind. I walked through a grove of aspen, and looking under a clump of brush I saw a cottontail rabbit, but he knew, if he didn’t move I wouldn’t see the little guy; so I passed quietly, in hopes not to scare him. As I walked I would be occasionally wafted with the smell of wild roses, or the smell of fresh air that would blow through the trees.

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Thirty-Five

Initiation night for the newest members of the Vitale Society had arrived at last. The cavernous room was lit only by golden candlelight from long tapers placed around the space and by the fire of high-flaming torches against the wal s. In the flickering light, the animals carved in the wood of the pil ars and arches almost seemed to be moving. Matt, dressed in a dark hooded robe like the other initiates, gazed around proudly. They'd worked hard, and the room looked amazing. At the front of the room, beneath the highest arch, a long table had been placed, draped in a heavy red satin cloth and looking like some kind of altar. In the center of the table sat a huge deep stone bowl, almost like a baptismal font, and around it roses and orchids were set. More flowers had been scattered on the floor, and the scent of the crushed blossoms underfoot was so strong that it was dizzying. The pledges were lined up, evenly spaced, before the altar. As if she'd picked up on his pride at how everything had turned out, Chloe pushed her dark hood back a bit and leaned toward him to mutter, â€Å"Pretty fabulous, huh?† Matt smiled at her. So what if she was dating someone else? He stil liked her. He wanted to stay friends, even if that was al there could be between them. He tugged at his robe self-consciously; the fabric was heavy, and he didn't like the way it blocked his peripheral vision. The current masked members of the Vitale Society wove silently among the pledges, handing out goblets ful of some kind of liquid. Matt sniffed his and smel ed ginger and chamomile as Wellas less familiar scents: so this was where the herbs had been used. He smiled at the girl who gave it to him, but got no response. Her eyes behind the mask slid over him neutral y, and she moved on. Once he was a ful member of the Vitale Society, he would know who these current members were, would see them without their masks. He sipped from his goblet and grimaced: it tasted strange and bitter. The soft rustlings of cloaked figures moving across the floor were silenced as the last of the goblets was handed out and the masked Vitales quietly retreated under the arch behind the altar to watch. Ethan stepped forward, up to the altar, and pushed back his hood. â€Å"Welcome,† he said, holding out his hands to the assembled pledges. â€Å"Welcome to true power at last.† The candlelight flickered over his face, twisting it into something unfamiliar and almost sinister. Matt twitched nervously and took another swal ow of the bitter herbal mixture. â€Å"A toast!† Ethan cal ed. He raised his own goblet, and before him, the pledges raised theirs. He hesitated for a moment, then said, â€Å"To moving beyond the veil and discovering the truth.† Matt raised his goblet and drained it with the other pledges. The mixture left a gritty feeling on his tongue, and he scraped it absently against his teeth. Ethan looked around at the pledges and smiled, locking gazes with one after another. â€Å"You've al worked so hard,† he said affectionately. â€Å"Each of you has reached his or her personal peak of intel igence, strength, and leadership ability now. Together, you are a force to be reckoned with. You have been perfected.† Matt managed to politely restrain himself from rol ing his eyes. It was nice to be praised, of course, but sometimes Ethan was a little too over the top: perfected? Matt doubted it was even possible. It seemed to him that you could always strive to be a little more, or a little less, something. You could always wish to be better. But even if he could, after al , be perfected, he suspected that it would take more than a few obstacle courses and group problem-solving exercises to do it. â€Å"And now it is time to at last discover your purpose,† Ethan continued. â€Å"Time to complete the final stage in your transformation from ordinary students into true avatars of power.† He took a clean and shining silver cup from the altar and dipped it into the deep stone bowl in front of him. â€Å"With every step forward in evolution, there must be some sacrifice. I regret any pain this wil cause you. Be comforted by the knowledge that al suffering is temporary. Anna, step forward.† There was a slight uneasy stirring among the pledges. This talk of suffering and sacrifice was different than Ethan's usual emphasis on honor and power. Matt frowned. Something was wrong here. But Anna, looking tiny in her long robe, walked without hesitation up to the altar and pushed back her hood. â€Å"Drink of me,† Ethan said, handing her the silver cup. Anna blinked uncertainly and then, her eyes on Ethan, tipped back her head and drained the cup. As she handed it back to Ethan, she licked her lips automatical y, and Matt tried to peer more closely at her. In the flickering candlelight, her lips looked unnatural y red and slick. Then Ethan led her around the side of the altar and into his arms. He smiled, and his face twisted, his eyes dilating and his lips pul ing back in a snarl. His teeth looked so long, so sharp. Matt tried to shout a warning but realized with horror that he couldn't move his lips, couldn't draw the breath to cal out. He knew, suddenly, that he had been a fool. Ethan sank his fangs deep into Anna's neck. Matt strained, trying to run toward them, to attack Ethan and throw him away from Anna. But he couldn't move at al . He must be under some kind of compulsion. Or perhaps something in the drink, some magic ingredient, had made them al docile and stil . He watched helplessly as Anna struggled for a few moments, then went limp, her eyes rol ing back in her head. Unceremoniously, Ethan let her body drop to the ground. â€Å"Don't be afraid,† he said kindly, gazing around at the horrified, frozen pledges. â€Å"Al of us† – he gestured toward the silent, masked Vitale behind him – â€Å"went through this initiation recently. You must brace yourself to suffer what is only a smal , temporary death, and then you wil be one of us, a true Vitale. Never growing old, never dying. Powerful forever.† Sharp white teeth and golden eyes shining in the candlelight, Ethan reached out toward the next pledge as Matt struggled again to shout, to fight. Ethan continued, â€Å"Stuart, step forward.† Elena smel ed so good, rich and sweet like an exotic ripe fruit. Damon wanted to simply bury his head in the soft skin at the crook of her neck and just inhale her for a decade or two. Snaking his arm through hers, he pul ed her closer. â€Å"You can't come in with me,† she told him for the second time. â€Å"I might be able to get James to talk to me because it's a question about my parents, but I don't think he'l tel me anything if someone else is there. Whatever the truth is about the Vitale Society and my parents, I think he's embarrassed about it. Or afraid, or †¦ something.† Without paying attention to what she was doing, Elena shifted her grip and held on to Damon's arm more firmly. â€Å"Fine,† Damon said stubbornly. â€Å"I'l wait outside. I won't let him see me. But you're not to walk across campus at night by yourself. It's not safe.† â€Å"Yes, Damon,† Elena said in a convincing imitation of meekness, and rested her head on his shoulder. The lemony scent of her shampoo mixed with the more essential Elena smel of her. Damon sighed with contentment. She cared for him, he knew that, and Stefan had taken himself out of the picture. She was stil young, his princess, and a human heart could heal. Maybe, with Stefan gone, she would final y see how much closer she was, mind and soul, to Damon, how perfectly they fit together. In any case, she was his for now. He lifted his free hand and stroked her head, her silky hair pliant beneath his fingers, and smiled. The professor's house was barely off campus, just across the street from the gilded entrance gates. They'd almost reached the edge of campus when a familiar presence that had been lurking nearby at last came very close. Damon wheeled to scan the shadows, pul ing Elena with him. â€Å"What is it?† Elena said, alarmed. Come out, Damon thought with exasperation, sending his silent message toward the thickest shadows at the base of a crowd of oak trees. You know you can't hide from me. One dark shadow detached itself from the rest, stepping forward on the path. Stefan simply gazed at the ground, shoulders slumped, his hands loose and open by his sides. Elena gasped, a smal hurt sound. Stefan looked terrible, Damon thought, not without sympathy. His face seemed hol ow and strained, his cheekbones more prominent than usual, and Damon would have bet that he wasn't feeding properly. Damon felt a twinge of disquiet. He didn't take pleasure in causing his brother pain. Not anymore. â€Å"Well?† Damon said, raising his eyebrows. Stefan glanced up at him. I don't want to fight with you, Damon, he said silently. So don't, Damon shot back at him, and Stefan's mouth twitched in a half smile of acknowledgment. â€Å"Stefan,† Elena said suddenly, sounding like the word had been jerked out of her. â€Å"Please, Stefan.† Stefan stared down at the path under his feet, not meeting her eyes. â€Å"I sensed you were nearby, Elena, and I felt your anxiety,† he said wearily. â€Å"I thought you might have been in trouble. I'm sorry, I was mistaken. I shouldn't have come.† Elena stiffened, and her long dark lashes fel over her eyes, hiding, Damon was almost sure, the beginnings of tears. A long silence stretched between them. Final y, irritated by the tension, Damon made an effort to ease it. â€Å"So,† he said casual y, â€Å"we broke into the campus security office last night.† Stefan looked up with a flicker of interest. â€Å"Oh? Did you find anything useful?† â€Å"Crime scene photos, but they weren't very helpful,† Damon said, shrugging. â€Å"The folders were marked with black Vs, so we're trying to figure out what that means. Elena's going to talk to her professor about the Vitale Society, see if it could have anything to do with them.† â€Å"The†¦ Vitale Society?† Stefan said hesitantly. Damon waved a hand dismissively. â€Å"A secret society from back in the day when Elena's parents were here,† he said. â€Å"Who knows? It may be nothing.† Drawing a hand across his face, Stefan seemed to be thinking hard. â€Å"Oh, no,† he muttered. Then, looking at Elena for the first time, he asked, â€Å"Where's Matt?† â€Å"Matt?† Elena echoed, startled out of her wistful contemplation of Stefan. â€Å"Um, I think he had some kind of meeting tonight. Footbal stuff, maybe?† â€Å"I have to go,† Stefan said tightly, and was immediately gone. With his enhanced abilities, Damon could hear Stefan's light footsteps racing away. But to Elena, he knew, Stefan had been nothing but a silently vanishing blur. Elena turned to Damon, her face crumpling in what he recognized as a prelude to more tears. â€Å"Why would he fol ow me if he doesn't want to talk to me?† she said, her voice hoarse with sorrow. Damon gritted his teeth. He was trying hard to be patient, to wait for Elena to give him her heart, but she kept thinking of Stefan. â€Å"He told you,† he said, keeping his voice even. â€Å"He wants to make sure you're safe, but he doesn't want to be with you. But I do.† Firmly recapturing her arm with his, he tugged her lightly forward. â€Å"Shal we?†

Homer s Odyssey A Greek Hero - 940 Words

Homer’s Odyssey Work Sample Odysseus is not your typical Greek hero. Greek heroes like Achilles and Hercules used purely their physical advantages and enormous strength to overcome their challenges. Odysseus however, in addition to his god-like strength, used his wits and mental horsepower -- which needless to say he had a lot of. This allowed him to get out of some very sticky situations. Odysseus primarily used thought, patience, and clever tricks to overcome obstacles thrown in front of him and his men. In the Epic Homer’s Odyssey, Odysseus used his brains to take a Cyclops’ sight and escape its clutches, defeat the powerful witch Circe with garlic, and destroy tens of suitors attempting to steal his wife Penelope. Cyclopses, as portrayed in ancient Greek literature, are certainly a force to be reckoned with. They stand high over the height of your average Greek hero and have the muscles to rip a man in two like wet tissue paper. The single large eye in the middle of their head gives them enou gh of an in-human look to spark fear in the hearts of whoever is unfortunate enough to encounter one. These few facts about cyclopses would scare any tough Greek hero, but not Odysseus. He has the brains to accompany his muscles that would make a cyclops, assuming he knew about Odysseus, tremble in his dirty, oversized loin-cloth. When confronted by the cyclops Polythemus, Odysseus’s men and even the great Odysseus himself were worried. However, Odysseus had a plan. During theShow MoreRelatedOdysseus Is A Hero?1143 Words   |  5 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer, The character Odysseus is one of the greek heros in this book. He is known as a great hero, because he manages to get through all of these dangerous mission such as : First odysseus makes it alive after travelling for ten years and facing different and more difficult challenges. Odyssey faces dangerous creatures and people. Homer have odysseus pass all theses task and missions to name him one of the great greek gods that ever lived . Some may say Odysseus is not a hero butRead MoreGreek Epics873 Words   |  4 PagesGreek Epics There are some challenges in each history period, and authors will create some heroes in their epics that reflect values of the culture at the time. By studying the hero’s actions and his motivations, it tells the society conditions and the civilization of that history period. Homer; the authors of The Iliad and The Odyssey; and Vergil; the authors of The Aeneid are two of the greatest writers in ancient western civilization. There are heroes in these three literatures to reflectRead MoreThe Bronze And Iron Age Essay2093 Words   |  9 PagesQuestion: 1-What Can Homer tell us about the Bronze and Iron Age The Bronze and Iron Ages were 2 of the main periods in Greek History and Homer can tell us a lot about them. The Bronze Age was all about mixing copper with tin or arsenic to bronze hence it is called the Bronze Age. The Iron Age was when the whole of the east Mediterranean was in crisis. In central Anatolia, the collapse of the Hitties opened the gates to invaders who overran the country. Firstly, let’s talk about Homer- a lot of the worksRead MoreThe Between Greek And Greek Society1318 Words   |  6 Pageswere many forms of heroism. How would you define heroism? What does a true hero consist of? A hero is a common and quite simple term, but is not always easy to define within a character. A hero according to Roman and Greek Society is someone who stands up for their country and fights for their beliefs. Normally a hero is someone who everyone looks up to. Heroes show tremendous amounts of courage and desire to fight for one s country. Arete, known as excellence, is a well defined term in the HellenisticRead MoreComparison Between The Odyssey And The Iliad1068 Words   |  5 Pages In the novel The Odyssey, the author Homer describes an outcry against death; whereas in the Iliad death is portrayed as an accomplishment., Both were in the times that is also known as Before Common Era, or BCE. It is known that Iliad begins 10 years before the great Seige of Troy and eventually the odyssey had begun a couple years after that(Classical Lit). When Homer had written these novels it is clear that they have numerous lines, and Homer had written both. In the novel The IliadRead MoreHomer s Epic Hero, The Odyssey, By Homer1670 Words   |  7 Pagesthe greatest tales of a hero is one of a man returning home after war. King of Ithaca, Odysseus was a Greek champion in the Trojan War. However, he is known best not for his heroic acts during combat, but for his journey back to Ithaca, to his wife and son, in the ten years that follow. In Homer’s epic hero, The Odyssey, the Greek poet tells of Odysseus’s hardships and how he used his heroic traits to overcome them. The myth is told in twenty four books. Odysseus is a hero because of his clevernessRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pagescentury, The Odyssey, is Homer s epic of Odysseus 10-year struggle to return home after the Trojan War. Odysseus defining character traits, such as nobility, courage, thirst for the glory and the app ealing confidence in his authority dominated the storyline throughout. The many themes of this epic mainly focus around the Greek hero Odysseus however in my essay I will attempt to analyze hospitality. Hospitality shaped an important part of social interactions in The Odyssey. Although Greek society emphasizesRead MoreThe Demeaning Role Of Women In Homers The Odyssey1280 Words   |  6 PagesThe Odyssey is one of two poems written by Homer describing the drama of the Trojan War, more specifically, the catastrophic journey of the hero Odysseus back home. Throughout the tales, female characters exhibit the many and diverse roles of Greek women, and also their significance in a world dominated by immortal beings.   Like countless others, the goddess Calypso’s beauty and elegance could be the cause of circumstances both good and evil. Calypso is remembered most for keeping Odysseus as a prisonerRead MoreKleos in The Odyssey by Homer938 Words   |  4 PagesTHE ODYSSEY Heroic glory occupies a very crucial place in the Indo-European epic tradition, because the Greek society is a shame culture, in which being honoured is one of the primary purposes of people s lives. Hence, the concept of kleos formed an essential part of the bardic tradition which helped the people to maintain the heroic stature of the mythical heroes from generation to generation. This is why, it has got an important place in the Greek epics also. In The Odyssey by Homer alsoRead MoreWhat Is The Importance Of Storytelling In The Odyssey1111 Words   |  5 PagesWoodard Honors 111 9/25/17 Storytelling in the Odyssey The Odyssey is a story made up of stories. Because there is very little action that happens in the present, the presence of storytelling within the Odyssey is something that characterizes it and makes it unique. The spreading of stories serve to form legends and myths that can have the effect of shaping a culture. In addition, since stories were such an important aspect of entertainment in Greek culture, stories also shape the audience, either